1. Nouns
1.1. Gender
1.2. Number
1.3. Cases
1.4. Declensions
1.5. Substantival comparison (alteration)
Degrees of nouns includes decreasing and increasing degrees of nouns.
1.5.1. Diminutive comparison
These words are emotionally positively marked words or they just mean that something is “small”.
Example: house → small house = “little house”/“cottage” (unfortunately, English doesn't have any such thing so it's impossible translating correctly. For those who speak Italian it's easier because Italian language has similar thing – casa → casetta)
FORMING: noun gets the “diminutive ending”.
Diminutives have at least three degrees – basic degree, first degree and second degree, However, larger degrees can be formed (third, fourth and more). These degrees have a special forming.
Endings:
The secondary stress is always on the penultimate syllable (for third degree and larger). It's marked with diaeresis.
Example: house – vásna
For the next degrees the consonants are changing – kihikihiki..., kehekeheke..., kihikihiki...s.
Diminutives have only the “basic cases” and “additional cases”, but not the “sub-cases”. Instead of “sub-cases” the “basic cases” are used.
1.5.2. Augmentative comparison
These words are emotionally positively marked words or they just mean that something is “small”.
Example: house → big house = “big house” (again, same as before, English doesn't have any such thing; but Italian has – casa → casona).
FORMING: noun gets the “augmentative ending”.
Augmentatives have at least three degrees – basic degree, first degree and second degree, However, larger degrees can be formed (third, fourth and more). These degrees has a special forming.
Endings:
The secondary stress is always on the penultimate syllable (for third degree and larger).
Example: house – vásna
For the next degrees the consonants are changing (as before).
Augmentatives have only the “basic cases” and “additional cases”, and not the “sub-cases”. Instead of “sub-cases” the “basic cases” are used.
1.5.3. Case-endings for compared words (alterations)
Case-endings are placed after “diminutive" or “augmentative” endings.
